Digestive health centers on Hazm (digestion) in Unani medicine

In Unani medicine, digestive health centers on Hazm (digestion), governed primarily by the Mi’da (stomach) and supported by Jigar (liver), with healthy function depending on adequate Hararat-e-Ghariziya (innate heat) to properly “cook” and convert ingested food (Ghiza) into Kaimoos and subsequently into the four humors (Akhlat). Disruption is broadly termed Su-e-Hazm (impaired digestion), which is further classified by the dominant Mizaj imbalance — Su-e-Hazm Har (hot type, with burning sensation, acidity, excessive thirst), Su-e-Hazm Bard (cold type, with heaviness, bloating, weak appetite), Su-e-HazmRatb (moist/phlegmatic type, with mucus, sluggishness), or Su-e-HazmYabis (dry type, with constipation, dryness). Management follows Ilaj-bil-Ghiza (dietary correction matched to the opposite Mizaj), Mufradat and Murakkabat suited to the specific imbalance (e.g., Zeera, Ajwain, Sonth for Bardi types; cooling agents like Tukhm-e-Khurfa for Har types), and Ilaj-bil-Tadbeer such as regulated meal timing, avoiding Ikhtilat-e-Ghiza (incompatible food combinations), and adequate rest after meals to preserve the stomach’s natural digestive strength (Quwwat-e-Hazima).

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